Global Markets vs. Local Realities Essay - 1599 Words

Global Markets vs. Local Realities What happens to commodities when they cross cultural borders? Howes recent edited volume, Cross-Cultural Consumption, sets out explicitly to answer this very question. Through a diverse and highly accessible set of collected papers, inspired and adapted from a special issue of Anthropogie et Sociitis on Culture and Consumption, the reader finds an excellent introduction to the major themes in the anthropological approach to consumption. Situated squarely within the booming literature on the globalization of consumer society, the papers in this volume are expressly geared towards students of consumer studies from a range of disciplines. Howes makes his objectives clear - this book is actually†¦show more content†¦The Mirror of Consumption addresses the popular anthropological theme wherein Western goods are incorporated into non-Western cultural contexts. The second and more intriguing section Consuming the Other takes a more novel approach by examining the ways in which non- Western goods move in the Western world. Finally, Consumption and Identityfocuses on strategies for resisting capitalist penetration. The chapters that follow cover a broad range of continents, countries and cultures. Given the complexity of the issues, it is odd that the authors describe their project in terms of such delineated boundaries. In constructing the concept of cross-cultural consumption, Howes, et. al. begin from the premise that cultures indeed have borders and that consumer goods typically originate from within only one given set of cultural borders. By posing the question what happens when the culture of production and the culture are not the same, they construct a model of commodity transmission which fails to recognize that consumer goods themselves are always already hybrid products whose constitution reflects multiple cultural zones well before they enter the consumption spaces discussed in this book. Three chapters by Classen, Comaroff, and Philibert and Jourdan, form the first and least evocative set of studies. Essentially these are treatises in the localization genre, without the depth and acumen of manyShow MoreRelatedGlobal Brand and Local Brand1446 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Global brands Vs. Local Brands Introduction According to Ger, Belk and Lascu (1993), advances in communications and information systems technology have shrunk distances, thereby linking markets through flows of information across markets. 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The Marshall Plan was initiated by the United States to aid Western Europe in which they gave $13 billion (valued today at $130 billion) to help rebuild Western European economies after the Second World War. There are essentially two opposing views on the nature of a market economy. Kindleberger believed that the market economy is inherently unstableRead MoreGlobalization Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesterm describing objective reality, but as an ideology of predatory capitalism. Unless the basic principles of equity and liberty are defended in the political arena and advanced as critical conditions for economic growth, they may suffer rejection (Annan, 2007, 43).† Reactions to Globalization There are three types of reactions to globalization, the first one is nationalism. Strong nationalists feel that globalization is a foreign invasion that will destroy local cultures and national traditions

Shewin Case Free Essays

PA402: Employment Law Unit 3: The Employment Relationship – Shewin Memorandum Your Course Project: Read About the Shewin Memorandum Throughout the course, you will work on the Shewin Memorandum. Your first step is to become acquainted with Ms. Shewin and the fact pattern. We will write a custom essay sample on Shewin Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ima Shewin is a 45-year-old African-American woman with advanced degrees in English and journalism from the University of Chicago. She has been employed by The Blabber, a newspaper in Atlanta, Georgia, for 10 years. She started as an entrylevel researcher. Two years later, she was promoted to a junior-level reporter position, and two years after that, to a senior-level reporter position. She has now been a senior-level reporter for the last six years. During the first eight years of her employment, Shewin reported to George Doright. Two years ago, The Blabber reorganized, and Doright was moved to another division in the company. Since then, Shewin has reported to Arthur King, The Blabber’s senior editor. Following the reorganization, two editors have retired. Although Shewin applied for these positions, they were not offered to her. In fact, she was only invited to interview for one of the positions, although she believes she met the qualifications for both. Last month, she applied for a junior-editor position she has been after for several years now. Based upon the qualifications that were identified in the job’s classified ad, she felt she was a shoo-in. She applied and was interviewed. The interview with Mr. King did not go as well as she had hoped. The interview took place over lunch in a restaurant. King started out the conversation by engaging in seemingly harmless social banter, but Shewin was uncomfortable with his personal questions about her relationship with her boyfriend. A few weeks after the interview, the company announced that it was hiring Gene Whiz, someone from outside the company. Whiz is 26 years old and recently earned a master’s degree in journalism from the University of Chicago. He has worked as a reporter for a small local newspaper. Shewin believes a number of factors may have been held against her. For example, only three women are in the upper levels of management, and all were promoted prior to the reorganization. King was not involved in the promotion decisions for any of the three women. King has a reputation for making sexist comments, which several women in the company find offensive, as do a number of men. For example, he described one pregnant reporter as barefoot and pregnant. † He has also asked Shewin out to â€Å"discuss business,† invitations that she has declined. She feels that rejecting him may have something to do with her not getting the job. Another possible factor is that there are only five African-American senior managers in the company. Shewin has heard through the rumor mill that Whiz is part AfricanAmerican. Also, prior to Mr. Doright’s transfer, Shewin filed a complaint against some of her male colleagues. Apparently the men whose cubicles were surrounding Shewin’s area had a habit of discussing their weekend dates in graphic detail on Monday mornings. Although they did not make these comments directly to Shewin, the conversations PA402: Employment Law Unit 3: The Employment Relationship – Shewin Memorandum were quite loud and she overheard them regularly. After several months of hoping they would stop, Shewin brought this matter to Mr. Doright, who sternly told the employees to stop such behavior. However, since Arthur King became the senior manager, her coworkers have reverted to their old behavior, and King has taken no action against them, despite Shewin’s repeated complaints to him. In fact, Shewin has observed King laughing at the conversations as he walked by. He did not, however, participate in the conversations. Finally, Shewin is more than 40 years old and has concerns that she may be getting passed over because of her age. A friend of hers overheard King talking to another senior manager, speculating as to when Shewin would finally retire. How to cite Shewin Case, Essay examples

Integrated Business Experience Toyota Motor Corporation

Question: Discuss about theIntegrated Business Experiencefor Toyota Motor Corporation. Answer: Introduction Integrated business planning is the business planning procedure that extends the objectives throughout the supply chain as well as customer portfolios. Integrated business planning is also considered as the best practice model of the industry. It is regarded as a common sense procedure that is led by senior management for bringing into line the policies of the company on monthly basis. IBP also focus on makes sure the early focus on any probable gaps in business performance. The report provides details about Toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese automotive assemble that is headquartered in Toyota, Aichi in Japan (Bowman 2015). Operation in Australia Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited is a completely owned subordinate of Toyota Motor Corporation in Japan. Since the year 1963, the company manufactures cars in Australia. At present, Toyota constructs three models that include Camry, Camry Hybrid and Aurion for both local and export clients. The completely incorporated Altona manufacturing plant integrates high-tech weld and congregation shops in order to manufacture vehicles that have been independently recognized as the superlative quality locally built cars in Australia (Jayamaha et al. 2014). The Altona industrialized plant is the Toyota manufacturing competence that function in the Melbourne suburb of Australia. The plant mainly creates the Camry and Aurion for sale locally in Australasia and for export to the Middle East. The plant also manufactured the Avalon during the year 2005. The unrestrained production of the new Australian Camry Hybrid was commenced in the year 2010. Toyota Australia also proclaimed proletariat motorsport series that was acknowledged as the best-selling sports car. A broad variety of iconic Australian activities through community sponsorship was mainly supported by Toyota Australia (Su, Levina and Ross 2016). Culture and Management Behavior The organizational and the management behavior of Toyota describe the responses of the workers to challenges that is mainly followed by the organization. The culture is mainly used by the organization in its home country to maximize capabilities of human resource in innovation. The diverse cultural activities of Toyota indicate a vigilant approach in facilitating organizational learning. The culture of the organization mainly focuses on quality (Shim and Steers 2012). Toyota represents one of the top car manufacturers in Australia to work for. The expanded employment approach leads to innovative ideas as well as future concepts that keep up-and-coming on the frontier of the car industry, thereby upholding Australian as well as Global industry leadership. The organization believes in being ethical in the business sense as well as in the social sense. Ethics generally takes place at the core of the company. Management believes in diversification with the help of which it represents various faces of Toyota. Global Corporate Social Responsibility Toyota has endlessly endeavored to contribute to the sustainable development of society since its foundation. The freedom of mobility has greatly expanded the motor vehicle company. The company had contributed towards sustainable development and the company also takes inventiveness to contribute harmonious as well as sustainable development to the society. The management of Toyota interacts with its stakeholders in order to provide sustainable development and attempt to build as well as maintain sound relationship with the clients with the help of open and fair communication. Toyota has taken initiative in Australia to develop the manufacturing procedure through a greener method. To provide global corporate social responsibility, the company has designed and manufactured its vehicles that are based on the concept of three Rs that includes recycle, reduce as well as reuse. Various environmental activities have been undertaken by Toyota to contribute to the society. Toyota has also encouraged the individuals to be involved in the recycling program (Chandler 2016). Multi-National Competitive Advantage Japan has always acted as the major market for Toyota Motor Corporation for its products. As a result, the success of Toyota at the international scenario started from the home country of the corporation. There are various factors that have helped the company to achieve multi-national competitive advantage. The factors mostly include skilled labor force, rich deposits of resources, and linguistic capabilities of the labor force as well as shortage of labor force. Toyota has been able to gain competitive advantage over other players in the car industry mainly due to the accomplished human resource. Either an engineer or a technologist operates each corporation in Japan. The leadership in Toyota is in better position as compared to the other CEOs to understand the implication of technology. This in turn had helped the company to gain worldwide competitive advantage (Williamson et al. 2013). Toyota had also gained competitive advantage in Australia due to the present status of Japanese subsidiaries in Japan. Subsidiaries of Japanese multinational companies play a major role in the market of Australia. With the help of innovation, Toyota Motor Corporation in Australia has been able to gain as well as maintain competitive advantage. Development of infrastructure, quick economic development in Australia as well as investment policy had contributed to the multi-national competitive advantage in Australia (Thompson et al. 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded that Toyota believes in being ethical in the business sense as well as in the social sense. The plant of Toyota mainly manufactures the Camry and Aurion for sale locally in Australasia and for export to the Middle East. It can be also be concluded that Toyota had gained competitive advantage in Australia due to the present status of Japanese subsidiaries in Japan. References Bowman, R.J., 2015. A dose of reality: US Army revamps forecast to reflect actual demand: inspired by practices in the private sector, the Army Materiel Command division embraces the concept of integrated business planning--and ends up saving billions of dollars in inventory expense.Supplychainbrain. Chandler, D., 2016.Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Sustainable Value Creation. SAGE Publications. Jayamaha, N.P., Wagner, J.P., Grigg, N.P., Campbell-Allen, N.M. and Harvie, W., 2014. Testing a theoretical model underlying the Toyota Wayan empirical study involving a large global sample of Toyota facilities.International Journal of Production Research,52(14), pp.4332-4350. Shim, W.S. and Steers, R.M., 2012. Symmetric and asymmetric leadership cultures: A comparative study of leadership and organizational culture at Hyundai and Toyota.Journal of World Business,47(4), pp.581-591. Su, N., Levina, N. and Ross, J.W., 2016. The Long-Tail Strategy of IT Outsourcing.MIT Sloan Management Review,57(2), p.81. Thompson, A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Strickland III, A.J. and Jain, A.K., 2013.Crafting Executing Strategy 19/e: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases. McGraw-Hill Education. Williamson, P.J., Ramamurti, R., Fleury, A. and Fleury, M.T.L. eds., 2013.The competitive advantage of emerging market multinationals. Cambridge University Press.